Ali Faridzad; Sahar Norouzi; Ali Asghar Banoe
Abstract
Improving energy efficiency as one of the most important tools for managing energy demand leads to a phenomenon called Rebound Effect, which causes the energy savings achieved by improving energy efficiency not equal to the expected level. In this study, with employing Input-Output approach and the structural ...
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Improving energy efficiency as one of the most important tools for managing energy demand leads to a phenomenon called Rebound Effect, which causes the energy savings achieved by improving energy efficiency not equal to the expected level. In this study, with employing Input-Output approach and the structural decomposition analysis, we quantify the changes of electricity, natural gas and oil products consumption according to the final demand variations and technological progress in terms of changes in energy efficiency and intermediate demand during the period of 2001-2011. After examination of the economic sectors in which they experience improving energy efficiency, the rebound effect of the energy consumption for each energy carriers has been measured. The results of this study show that electricity, natural gas and oil products from 24 economic sectors in 11, 4, and 20 economic sectors have experienced improvements in energy efficiency due to technological advances. "Construction of basic metals", "Electricity" and "Manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products" have the highest reduction in energy consumption associated with these carriers respectively, and the "postal and support services" 62.83%, "Construction of coke and products from oil refining and nuclear fuel" with 147.72%, "Construction of chemical and chemical products" with 86.33% have the highest efficiency in electricity consumption, Natural gas and oil products. Considering inter-sectional and intra-intermediate interchanges, the rebound effects is increased in all sectors.
Esfandiar Jahangard; Ali Asghar Banoe; Sajjad Barkhordari; Hamid Amadeh; amir doudabi nezhad
Abstract
Environmental taxes, including carbon and energy price taxes, are one of the most crucial means of market-based approach of reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and are widely used around the world In the present research, the effects of enforcing these two tax policies are assessed in two scenarios of ...
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Environmental taxes, including carbon and energy price taxes, are one of the most crucial means of market-based approach of reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and are widely used around the world In the present research, the effects of enforcing these two tax policies are assessed in two scenarios of redistribution and non-redistribution of the overall tax incomes between households (in sum, four scenarios), based on the CGE model. These two taxes make different impacts on relative prices of energy carriers. Accordingly, they have different economic effects which remained unexamined in previous researches. The results of present study, therefore, would make a clearer anticipation of the future policies effects, which will be implemented to meet the international environmental commitments of Iran. The results of simulations indicate that both taxes lead to emission reduction but carbon taxes are more efficient than energy taxes, because the former requires less amount of taxes, whereas the level of emission reduction is the same. If there’s no redistribution of tax incomes, both kind of taxes decrease the welfare and real consumption budget of households, but in case of redistribution, these indexes will increase. In all scenarios, GDP, decrease and consumer price increase will increase in different amounts and employment in 3 scenarios increase. Based on the findings of present research, enforcing the carbon tax policy, concomitant to tax incomes redistribution, are among the appropriate policies designed to reduce the greenhouse gas emission and meet the international commitments of Iran.
